The Cullinan kimberlite pipe was discovered in 1902 and open pit mining commenced at the ‘Premier’ mine (as it was then known) in 1903. Ore extraction has been by underground mining methods since 1946. Ore extraction has varied between 2 and 5 Mt per annum and ore treatment between 2 and 7 Mt per annum.
The mine was renamed Cullinan as part of its centenary celebrations and to link the mine to the illustrious heritage of the Cullinan diamond, which provided the two main polished diamonds within the British Crown Jewels (the 530 carat Great Star of Africa and the 317 carat Lesser Star of Africa)
Petra Diamonds initially acquired a 37% interest in the Cullinan mine from De Beers in 2008, but increased its direct interest in the mine to 74% in late 2009 when it acquired Al Rajhi's holding in the mine. Petra Diamonds continues to mine the underground resource using block cave mining methods.
Cullinan is renowned as a source of large diamonds and frequently yields diamonds larger than 10 carats. Furthermore, it has produced over 750 stones weighing more than 100 carats, 130 stones weighing more than 200 carats, and around a quarter of all diamonds weighing more than 400 carats.
Other notable diamonds historically produced from Cullinan include the "Premier Rose" (353 carats rough), the "Niarchos" (426 carats rough), the "De Beers Centenary" (599 carats rough), the "Golden Jubilee" (755 carats rough) and the famous "Taylor-Burton" diamond (69 carats polished).